By Aneesa Grant, The Seattle Medium
Wildfire smoke is expected to pose a significant threat to Washington state once again this season, prompting the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) to issue a warning and encourage the public to take proactive measures to protect themselves and their families. As part of their efforts, the DOH has designated June 12-16 as Smoke Ready Week, urging individuals to prepare for potentially hazardous air quality caused by wildfires.
According to Kaitlyn Kelly, MPH, Air Quality Policy Specialist at the DOH, above-normal fire activity is expected in Washington by July, and a prolonged dry season will persist into the fall, setting the stage for a lengthy fire season. As a result, it is crucial for residents to be alert and ready.
Kelly emphasized the importance of reducing smoke exposure by keeping track of air quality forecasts and indexes, limiting time spent outdoors, and maintaining clean indoor air. Smoke can infiltrate homes through gaps in windows and doors, making it essential to have means of filtering indoor air readily available. Kelly advised purchasing supplies in advance, as they tend to sell out quickly when smoky conditions arise.
“We no longer have smoke-free summers in Washington,” said Kelly. “It’s important to know what is in wildfire smoke and why it can be bad for your health.”
To improve indoor air quality during wildfire smoke events, the DOH recommends several methods of air filtration. One option is to use a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 13 filter, ensuring the filter fits tightly and the system is set to recirculate air continuously. Another alternative is the use of HEPA portable air cleaners, which effectively remove particulates from the air in a single room or designated space. It is important to select a certified HEPA filter and ensure the cleaner’s clean air delivery rate (CADR) matches the intended room size. Lastly, for those seeking a more economical solution, constructing a DIY box fan filter can be a viable option. However, it is important to note that box fans are not designed to operate with filters attached, and their effectiveness may vary.
Kelly emphasizes the importance of understanding the composition of wildfire smoke and its potential health impacts. Wildfire smoke contains fine particles and gases, including carbon monoxide, which can lead to various health problems. Individuals with pre-existing conditions, infants, children, pregnant individuals, adults over 65 years old, and people with heart and lung diseases are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of wildfire smoke. Symptoms range from minor irritations such as headaches, stinging eyes, and runny noses to more severe respiratory issues.
The convergence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with periods of prolonged wildfire smoke raises additional concerns. Evidence suggests that experiencing both can result in more severe health impacts. Those with COVID-19 who are exposed to wildfire smoke may experience worsened symptoms, while smoke inhalation can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, including COVID-19. The overlap in symptoms, such as dry cough, sore throat, and difficulty breathing, further complicates the situation and has the potential to impact mental and behavioral health.
Certain groups are at an increased risk of severe health impacts from wildfire smoke. These include individuals with lung diseases, respiratory infections, heart or circulatory problems, a history of heart attack or stroke, diabetes, infants and children, older adults, pregnant women, smokers, outdoor workers, people of color, tribal and indigenous populations, and those with low incomes. It is vital for these vulnerable populations to take extra precautions and seek medical attention if severe symptoms arise during wildfire smoke events.
“Inhaling smoke is not good for anyone, even healthy people,” Kelly warned. “There are groups of people with an increased risk for severe health impacts, such as hospitalization or death.”
As individuals seek cleaner and cooler indoor air, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with visiting public spaces, considering the increased risk of COVID-19 transmission in crowded settings. Before visiting public spaces for cleaner air, it is advisable to check in advance for any restrictions or requirements such as capacity limitations, physical distancing, and mask mandates. Vaccination status should also be taken into consideration when deciding to visit friends or relatives for cooler air.
For those without air conditioning or central cooling systems, the challenge of staying cool indoors while keeping windows closed to prevent smoke from entering poses another concern. Heat-related illnesses can develop rapidly and be life-threatening. To combat excessive heat during poor air quality, individuals are encouraged to close curtains or shades during the day, use portable fans, minimize stove usage, take cool baths or showers, stay hydrated, and seek out indoor places with cooler temperatures and cleaner air.
The DOH urges residents to remain attentive to air quality updates and open windows when air quality improves. Regularly changing filters and acquiring necessary supplies before wildfire season begins is strongly advised, as the demand for air filtration materials tends to surge during smoky periods.
While Washington state no longer experiences smoke-free summers, proactive measures and increased awareness can mitigate the health risks associated with wildfire smoke. By staying informed, preparing in advance, and implementing appropriate filtration measures, individuals can safeguard their well-being and minimize the adverse effects of smoke exposure during wildfire events.
